MOBILE LEARNING FRAMEWORK.
Ali Mostakhdemin-Hosseini. Helsinki University of Technology, konemiehentie 2, Espoo Finland.
Jarno Tuimala. Innoforss Research &/ Development Center, Wanherinkatu 11 3 krs., 30100 Forssa, Finland.
Mobile learning is not learning through mobiles phones or learning over a wireless connection even though the capabilities of running multimedia features has increased in recent years. But mobile learning is the evolution of elearning, which completes the missing component of an e-learning solution. Mobile learning most suits for those mobile parties in education institutes. So, utilizing mobile devices in education is mainly considered as enhanced tools.
Unlike PC, mobile devices have some restriction for displaying content e.g. screen size and resolution. When designing user interface for mobile devices, especially for heterogeneous environments, we have to consider the special user requirements, as well as, the capabilities of the devices (Calvary et al. 2001) and (Roth et al. 2000). As (McClard et. Al. 2000) have stated, the portable devices are not a replacement for the PC.
There has been extensive progress in m learning since this study was initiated. Basically, the term has been defined more precisely (Brown, 2003).
1. Ubiquitous Computing- all members of the academic community have appropriate and timely access to the Internet, usually via a computer they own. Access may be either by desktop or laptop or handheld.
2. Portable Computing- same as #1 except computer must be laptop
3. Mobile Computing- same as #2 except laptop must be wireless
4. Very mobile Computing- same as #3 (i.e. wireless) except that the computer is a Palm Pilot, Blackberry or Equivalent.
Based on the users study conducted at Helsinki University of Technology and analyzed the gathered data (Mostakhdemin-Hosseini et.al, 2004) this study defined the framework of the mobile learning system. The Mobile learning system development is based on three main domains, Mobile usability, wireless technology and e-learning system.
Mobile usability is the main domain in the mobile learning system.
Issues, which involve mobile devices’ usability, are as such as mobile device type, mobile device features and mobile content design methods.
The contributions of mobile usability research to this study assists to identify the requirements of each mobile device capability to offer services in a usable manner. Providing services for mobile devices without considering the usability issues is a useless effort. Users utilize the mobile devices and use the services if they feel that services are usable and do not consume extra time. The main issue, which should be study carefully when developing education services for mobile devices, is the content of the mobile services, the services types, requirement of each service and the service limitations.
The second essential element of mobile learning system is the network connection, especially wireless network technology. Issues, which are related to the wireless networks which directly influence the mobile learning systems, are network infrastructure and operators rolls.
The unique feature of the m- learning system is the mobility. The users utilize the mobile devices if the network provides fast, secure and reliable network connections. Also the users are willing to pay a reasonable amount of money for the services they receive.
The final domain, which affects the mobile learning system, is the existing e-learning concept. The mobile devices were enhanced to the existing e-learning systems. Issues related to e-learning, which affects the mobile learning system, is the requirements of the e- learning system and the type of utilized e-learning platform.
...mobile learning system’s developer has to consider the following issues for developing the mobile learning system.
• Define the education components and services, required by the mobile learning system. These
components and services depend to the type of course.
• Identify the existing wireless network capabilities and boundaries. If there are different networks, select the one, which is most appropriate for the education components and mobile devices capabilities.
• Determine the types of mobile devices, which are intended to be utilized in the system.
• Distribute the education components and services based on network capabilities and usability requirements of each mobile device.
• Write scenarios, which express the mobile learning system. In the scenarios all the components are distributed to appropriate devices with consideration of their capabilities and the usability
requirements.
• Design prototype based on the scenarios. It is important to follow the usability guideline for each device very carefully.
• Test and validate the concept and service distributions to different devices.
Ali Mostakhdemin-Hosseini. Helsinki University of Technology, konemiehentie 2, Espoo Finland.
Jarno Tuimala. Innoforss Research &/ Development Center, Wanherinkatu 11 3 krs., 30100 Forssa, Finland.
Mobile learning is not learning through mobiles phones or learning over a wireless connection even though the capabilities of running multimedia features has increased in recent years. But mobile learning is the evolution of elearning, which completes the missing component of an e-learning solution. Mobile learning most suits for those mobile parties in education institutes. So, utilizing mobile devices in education is mainly considered as enhanced tools.
Unlike PC, mobile devices have some restriction for displaying content e.g. screen size and resolution. When designing user interface for mobile devices, especially for heterogeneous environments, we have to consider the special user requirements, as well as, the capabilities of the devices (Calvary et al. 2001) and (Roth et al. 2000). As (McClard et. Al. 2000) have stated, the portable devices are not a replacement for the PC.
There has been extensive progress in m learning since this study was initiated. Basically, the term has been defined more precisely (Brown, 2003).
1. Ubiquitous Computing- all members of the academic community have appropriate and timely access to the Internet, usually via a computer they own. Access may be either by desktop or laptop or handheld.
2. Portable Computing- same as #1 except computer must be laptop
3. Mobile Computing- same as #2 except laptop must be wireless
4. Very mobile Computing- same as #3 (i.e. wireless) except that the computer is a Palm Pilot, Blackberry or Equivalent.
Based on the users study conducted at Helsinki University of Technology and analyzed the gathered data (Mostakhdemin-Hosseini et.al, 2004) this study defined the framework of the mobile learning system. The Mobile learning system development is based on three main domains, Mobile usability, wireless technology and e-learning system.
Mobile usability is the main domain in the mobile learning system.
Issues, which involve mobile devices’ usability, are as such as mobile device type, mobile device features and mobile content design methods.
The contributions of mobile usability research to this study assists to identify the requirements of each mobile device capability to offer services in a usable manner. Providing services for mobile devices without considering the usability issues is a useless effort. Users utilize the mobile devices and use the services if they feel that services are usable and do not consume extra time. The main issue, which should be study carefully when developing education services for mobile devices, is the content of the mobile services, the services types, requirement of each service and the service limitations.
The second essential element of mobile learning system is the network connection, especially wireless network technology. Issues, which are related to the wireless networks which directly influence the mobile learning systems, are network infrastructure and operators rolls.
The unique feature of the m- learning system is the mobility. The users utilize the mobile devices if the network provides fast, secure and reliable network connections. Also the users are willing to pay a reasonable amount of money for the services they receive.
The final domain, which affects the mobile learning system, is the existing e-learning concept. The mobile devices were enhanced to the existing e-learning systems. Issues related to e-learning, which affects the mobile learning system, is the requirements of the e- learning system and the type of utilized e-learning platform.
...mobile learning system’s developer has to consider the following issues for developing the mobile learning system.
• Define the education components and services, required by the mobile learning system. These
components and services depend to the type of course.
• Identify the existing wireless network capabilities and boundaries. If there are different networks, select the one, which is most appropriate for the education components and mobile devices capabilities.
• Determine the types of mobile devices, which are intended to be utilized in the system.
• Distribute the education components and services based on network capabilities and usability requirements of each mobile device.
• Write scenarios, which express the mobile learning system. In the scenarios all the components are distributed to appropriate devices with consideration of their capabilities and the usability
requirements.
• Design prototype based on the scenarios. It is important to follow the usability guideline for each device very carefully.
• Test and validate the concept and service distributions to different devices.
References that I may read further in the future:
Mostakhdemin-Hosseini Ali, Mustajärvi, Jari “Steps Required Developing Mobile Learning Services” , International association for development of Information Society, IADIS July 17-19th, 2004, Avila, Spain
Mostakhdemin-Hosseini Ali, Mustajärvi, Jari “Evaluation of Mobile Learning System Prototype”, International association for development of Information Society, IADIS February 23-25th, 2005, Algarve, Portugal
Mostakhdemin-Hosseini Ali, Mustajärvi, Jari “Evaluation of Mobile Learning System Prototype”, International association for development of Information Society, IADIS February 23-25th, 2005, Algarve, Portugal
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